Zanzibar 101: 10 Key Facts to Know

1) Zanzibar Is an Archipelago

Zanzibar is a collection of islands, with the largest being Unguja (often referred to as Zanzibar) and Pemba. In 2022, Zanzibar’s population was estimated at 1.89 million, with around 70% residing on Unguja and the rest on Pemba.

2) A Self-Governing Region

Zanzibar operates as a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania, with its own legislative body, judiciary, and executive authority. The region is governed by the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, headed by the President.

3) The Slave Trade Was Part of Its History

Zanzibar was a major hub for the East African slave trade in the 19th century. Today, the Old Slave Market in Stone Town serves as a memorial to this past. The island’s history is also reflected in the remnants of slave chambers and the Anglican Cathedral, built on the site of the former market

4) The Shortest War in History

In 1896, Zanzibar fought the world’s shortest war, lasting 38–45 minutes when the British shelled the Sultan’s palace, ending the Sultanate's power. Zanzibar gained independence on December 10, 1963, and merged with Tanganyika in 1964 to form Tanzania.

5) Swahili Is the Main Language

Swahili, widely spoken in Zanzibar, has strong Arabic influences due to the island's historical role as a trade hub. Known as Kiswahili, it serves as a lingua franca across East Africa, spoken in countries like Kenya, Uganda, the DRC, Mozambique, and Rwanda. As one of the official languages of the African Union, Swahili is gaining global recognition, with more people learning it as a second language.

6) A Muslim-Majority Island with Diversity

Islam is central to life in Zanzibar, with mosques and daily prayers shaping the island’s rhythm. However, it’s also home to Christian and Hindu communities, contributing to the island's rich cultural and religious diversity.

7) The "Spice Island" Legacy

The island’s spice legacy dates back to the 19th century when it became the world’s leading producer of cloves. Zanzibar's spice trade played a significant role in its economy, especially under Arab rule. The island’s fertile soil and tropical climate made it an ideal location for cultivating these spices, and they remain an important part of its cultural and economic identity today.

8) A Cultural Crossroads

Thanks to its location on historic trade routes, Zanzibar blends Arab, Persian, Indian, and European influences, visible in its architecture, cuisine, and traditions.

9) Home to the Zanzibar Red Colobus Monkey

The Zanzibar Red Colobus Monkey is a rare and endangered species found only in Zanzibar, particularly in Jozani Forest, the island’s only national park. These monkeys are known for their striking reddish fur and unique behavior, including their tendency to live in large, social groups.

10) Daily Sirens in Stone Town

Twice daily, sirens in Stone Town mark the start and end of the workday. Originally introduced by the British to signal work hours, the tradition continues today, serving as a link to the island's history.

Have you discovered any facts or custom about Zanzibar? Feel free to drop them in the comments!